This resource consists of many volumes of data from the Japanese Arctic Research Expedition (JARE). [59] After naming the inlet Kainan Bay, they sailed away. Of these 15, seven of the dogs died on the chain, six of them disappeared, and two, Taro and Jiro, successfully overwintered and were discovered by the next research group the following spring. Japan commenced its scientific activities in Antarctica in 1956, which was marked by the voyage of "Soya" with the 1st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) on board. He and his nine companions of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition reached Scott Base at 1.47 pm (11.47 am Sydney time) - 99 days after setting out from Shackleton. Going home One of the sled dogs used by Dr Fuchs, catches a flight home after a job well done. Indeed, by the end of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition, New Zealands biggest partner in Antarctic science was not the United Kingdom, but the United States. Fuchs and his party arrived at the South Pole on 18 January 1958, and Hillary was there to meet them. The following elements may be needed for your citation. Although tales of secret Nazi bases or lost Antarctic colonies still . This telegram was accidentally released to the New Zealand press. . [32][44], In Parsley Bay, when the early suspicions had evaporated,[44] large numbers of visitors came to see the camp and have their photographs taken with Shirase and the other team members. Jiro continued working as a sled dog in Antarctica and died there in 1960; his remains were stuffed and moved to the National Science Museum of Japan. [22] After cargo trimming in Tateyama, the ship finally left Japan on 1 December,[24] carrying 27 men and 28 Siberian dogs,[8] leaving behind a debt that would increase considerably during the course of the expedition, and would burden Shirase for many years. Indeed, by the end of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition, New Zealands biggest partner in Antarctic science was not the United Kingdom, but the United States. Descriptions compiled by N. Boneham, Assistant Archivist with assistance from R. Stancombe and reference to Robert Keith Headland Antarctic Chronology, unpublished corrected revision of Chronological list of Antarctic expeditions and related historical events, (1 December 2001) Cambridge University Press (1989) ISBN 0521309034. When the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition ended on March 2, 1958, it marked what many called the last great adventure possible on Earth: an overland crossing of the Antarctic continent. For Fuchs to succeed in journeying from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea via the South Pole, his plan like that of Ernest Shackletons ill-fated attempt 40 years earlier depended on a supporting party from New Zealand. Deviating from the expeditions initial plans and disobeying orders from the Ross Sea Committee, Hillary continued to the South Pole and arrived at the US Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station on January 3, 1958, becoming the first to make this journey using overland vehicles. The first successful land crossing via the South Pole is led by British geologist Vivian Fuchs with New Zealander Edmund Hillary leading the back-up party, more than 40 years . First published in the Sydney Morning Herald on March 3, 1958. These included the first landing on the coast of King Edward VII Land, the fastest recorded sledging journey, and the most easterly point along the Antarctic coast, to that date, reached by a ship. 1st July 1957 - 31st Dec 1958. International Geophysical Year (IGY) 12 nations establish over 60 stations in Antarctica. [88], Kainan Maru then sailed further east, in an attempt to pass the most easterly longitude, 152W, recorded by Scott's Discovery. Sixty-five years later, its remembered in New Zealand chiefly for Sir Edmund Hillarys unplanned and controversial dash to the South Pole in a convoy of modified Massey Ferguson tractors. Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 00:15, Japan National Institute of Polar Research, "Taro and Jiro A story of canine strength and tenacity", "Antarctica Expedition Taro and Jiro Sakhalin Husky Monument (Wakkanai)", "Monument to national heroes Taro and Jiro in Nagoya, Japan", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taro_and_Jiro&oldid=1139027226. In January 1959, a third team returned to Showa and sought to determine the fate of the dogs. Dr Fuchs and Sir Edmund linked arms as they stepped from the leading snocat. And it helped cement New Zealands independent relationship with Antarctica, specifically the Ross Dependency and Scott Base, as quite separate from its ties to Britain. These were the two youngest dogs on the team (at three years old) were brothers, and were the pups of Kuma, a dog that had also been on the chain at Showa, but had broken free and disappeared. The 1958 ill-fated Japanese expedition to Antarctica inspired the 1983 hit film, Antarctica, of which Eight Below is a remake. The Expedition. Japanese Antarctic Expedition, 1958 - 1959. In fact, it was Hillary who selected, in a last-minute change, the bases location on Ross Island, as it was more convenient for the TAEs priority of travelling over the Polar Plateau. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition led by middle-aged army reservist Lieutenant Nobu Shirase was in Antarctica at the same time that Scott and Amundsen were engaged on their attempts on the South Pole. [30] On 26 February the first iceberg was sighted,[30] after which the ship was surrounded by ice of all kinds, from loose brash to huge bergs. [30] The small leaves turned to large disks, four metres across, through which Kainan Maru attempted to drive a passage: "The crunch and crack every time we smashed through a floe were not at all pleasant. The first successful crossing of Antarctica, via the South Pole was carried out by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition from 1955 to 1958. The 1983 movie Antarctica is based on a 1958 Japanese expedition: two dogs really survived by themselves for one full year in Antarctica and recognized their master when he came back: tough dogs. After a brief ceremony and salute to the emperor, the party began its journey back to base. Seven dogs had died while still chained, and eight had broken free. [89] After taking on fresh coal and provisions, Kainan Maru left Wellington on 2 April, and arrived in Yokohama on 19 June. As a major industrial power, China has growing interests in the resource-rich Antarctic (Liu and Brooks 2018). Member of the Ross Dependency Research Committee from its inception in 1958, chairman 1971-1983; president of the New Zealand Antarctic Society (1960-63); member of the New Zealand Geographic Board (1968-86), and chaired the Royal . 1958 was a common year . Hamuna Icefall (Photo: Iuko TSUWA, JARE51), Research Organization of Information and Systems / National Institute of Informatics / The Institute of Statistical Mathematics / National Institute of Genetics / Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Inter-university Research Institute Corporation Research Organization of Information and Systems It also became only the fourth team to travel beyond the 80S mark. [5] [6] The harshness of these experiences did not diminish his Arctic ambitions. [57] An advance party ascended the Barrier to examine the surface and judge its suitability for travel. 1958: Explorers meet at South Pole. Taro (; 19551970) and Jiro (; 19551960) were two Sakhalin Huskies which survived for eleven months in Antarctica after being left behind by the 1958 Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. [31][32] To their further discomfort, their proximity to the South Magnetic Pole was causing violent disturbances to the compass needle. [10] Early in 1910 he presented an outline of his plans to the government, declaring that, within three years, he would raise the Japanese flag at the South Pole. On 29 November 1910, a Japanese expedition bound for the Antarctic left Tokyo's Shibaura Harbour, farewelled by a crowd of over 50,000 people. Clive Holland Manuscripts in the Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, England - a catalogue, Garland Publishing New York and London (1982) ISBN 0824093941. They also brought two new expedition members, a scientist and a film cameraman, replacing original members who had withdrawn on sickness grounds. They faced severe weather, and were halted after only 13 kilometres (8.1mi). This project was a part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), and Japanese Syowa Station was established on Ongul Island in Antarctica in 1957. They reported that the terrain was full of crevasses, some thinly covered with ice and snow, and that surface travel for any distance would be well-nigh impossible. At the head of a major public relations campaign, Hillarys attachment to the expedition was a big factor in growing support for the expedition. The 12 nations listed in the preamble (below) signed the Antarctic Treaty on 1 December 1959 at Washington, D.C. [17] David had been to the Antarctic with Shackleton, and was one of the party of three who had discovered the location of the South Magnetic Pole. [28], During the few days spent in the port, the crew scoured the town for sources that might provide them with information about ice conditions further south. 200 years of exploring Antarctica the world's coldest, most forbidding and most peaceful continent. I never thought of giving up! Dr Fuchs dismounts his Snocat during the trek. On their return, Shirase and his team were greeted as heroes, but interest swiftly died, and Shirase was burdened with expedition debts that took years to clear. Yoshito Usui, Japanese manga artist (Crayon Shin-chan) (d. 2009) Copying material by photography, electrostat, or scanning device by readers is prohibited. The expedition was now characterised as a race to the Pole by two national parties headed by the adventurer Hillary and the scientist Fuchs. Your Cart is Empty. After failing to land in its first season, the Japanese expedition's original aim of reaching the South Pole was replaced by less ambitious objectives, and after a more successful second season it returned safely to Japan, without injury or loss of life. [8], Japan's interest in Antarctic research revived in 1956, with the first Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. The radio announcement at this time (January 13, 1956) said: "On January 13, members of the United stated expedition penetrated a land extent of 2,300 miles BEYOND the Pole. Please try again later. They established Showa Station on East Ongul Island in January of that year, and sent a team of 11 researchers and 15 Sakhalin Husky dogs as a sled team. The expedition was now characterised as a race to the Pole by two national parties headed by the adventurer Hillary and the scientist Fuchs. The Ross Sea was open, and Kainan Maru proceeded swiftly south,[52] so that on 10 January they had their first sight of the Great Ice Barrier. [44] On 22 June, the camp was decorated with flags to mark the coronation of King George V, and visitors were entertained with exhibitions of traditional martial arts. On May 2, 1958, U.S. Pres. "[33] On 12 March, when the ship's position was 7416'S, 1727'E, it was halted by heavy ice. [13] Still the scientific community remained aloof, and the journal of the Tokyo Geographical Society, while reporting on other countries' expeditions, ignored the Japanese venture entirely. His team made good time and established Depot 700, the last one scheduled, in late December. [8] He added that his expedition would also advance the cause of science:[8] "The powers of the world ridicule the Empire of Japan, saying we Japanese are barbarians who are strong and brave in warfare, but cowardly when it comes to the realm of science. [30][31] As they drew nearer, expectations of a landing grew;[30] on 8 March Kainan Maru stood off Dorset Point, but ice conditions made it impossible to get nearer to the shore. [74] Resuming on 22January, over the next few days they battled on against strong winds and blizzards, while the temperature fell to 25C (13F). Categories: Mountains, Nepal. What possessed her to . It read: On the completion of your hard and adventurous journey across Antarctica, my husband and I send our warmest congratulations to you and all members of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition. 1958] (229) General Report on the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition II, -1957-58. At the time, the United Kingdoms claims in Antarctica were under increasing threat from Argentina and Chile. This project was a part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), and Japanese Syowa Station was established on Ongul Island in Antarctica in 1957. (The Institute does not seek this permission on behalf of readers). Please contact us for information about items that are not available for viewing/download or for which you might need a higher resolution format. Fukushima, Yoshiji (19) - Seaman Chiba - (1893 - 1943) Hamasaki, Miosaku (28 ) - Stoker Oita . [48] Just before their departure, as a further sign of his regard, Shirase presented David with his 17th century samurai sword, a rare gift indeed to a non-Japanese. In the fall of 1957 the U.S. Department of State reviewed its Antarctic policy and sounded out agreements with the 11 other governments that were active in Antarctica during IGY. Some materials deposited at the Institute are NOT owned by the Institute. Even the American expedition to the Weddell Sea in 1947-48 did not acknowledge British sovereignty. Mrs Fuchs said her husband told her he hoped to sail in the Endeavour in about three days time and was looking forward lo arriving in New Zealand within a fortnight. Anchoring in various spots around the region, the expedition offers the chance to hike, kayak, and dive in the iceberg-heavy waters. David formed a close friendship with Shirase, with whom he shared his knowledge and experience of Antarctic conditions. These may include seeking permission to read, extended closure, or other specific conditions. [75] Weather conditions were now much more favourable, and they covered the distance in three days, possibly the fastest polar sledge journey at that time. The tough, bearded, medium-height figure man who conceived, organised and led the 500,000 expedition told newspaper men to fire the questions.. What had begun as a show of Commonwealth unity with Britain at the head became an international incident, reinforcing perceptions of a fracturing British Empire. Even the American expedition to the Weddell Sea in 1947-48 did not acknowledge British sovereignty. Their rations, mainly rice, plum pickles, cured beans and dried cuttlefish, bore no resemblance to the usual Antarctic high-energy fare such as, The Great Ice Barrier, or Barrier, was discovered in 1841 by. Photo Credit: NZ History Archives . This breed's claim to fame came from the ill-fated 1958 Japanese research expedition to Antarctica. Relations between the two men were improved, at least to the point where it was agreed that Sir Ed would join the . [77][n 3], After leaving Shirase's party, Kainan Maru sailed eastwards, arriving off the King Edward VII Land coast in Biscoe Bay on 23 January at 7656'S, 15555'W. To reduce costs and reflect New Zealands agricultural strengths, he travelled with three TE20 Massey Ferguson tractors, modified with a full tracking system for use in the snowy conditions. Antarctica (, Nankyoku Monogatari, lit."South Pole Story") is a 1983 Japanese drama film directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara and starring Ken Takakura.Its plot centers on the 1958 ill-fated Japanese scientific expedition to the South Pole, its dramatic rescue from the impossible weather conditions on the return journey, the relationship between the scientists and their loyal and hard . The Commonwealth-sponsored expedition successfully completed the first overland crossing of Antarctica, via the South Pole, on 2 March 1958. Led the 1963-64 Northern Victoria Land expedition, the last major Antarctic expedition where dogs were used. The Antarctic Treaty. Antarctic Film Month draws to a close a week later than expected due to a bout of ill-health, with the appropriately named Antarctica, based on a true story and taking us back to the year 1957.. Antarctica (1983) Written by Tatsuo Nogami, Susumu Saji , Toshir Ishid, & Koreyoshi Kurahara Directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara. Taro (; 1955-1970) and Jiro (; 1955-1960) were two Sakhalin Huskies which survived for eleven months in Antarctica after being left behind by the 1958 Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition.Due to poor weather conditions, the expedition was unable to airlift out 15 dogs, which were left chained and with only a few days' worth of food. The 1958 Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (Showa Station) inspired the 1983 hit film Antarctica, of which Eight Below is a remake. Then: "On 15 September, when the winter will have ended, the party will proceed to the Pole", before returning to their base in late February 1912. [8] He accepted the Japanese expedition as genuine only their late start, he argued, had forced them to seek shelter in Australia. Led by Edmund Hillary, an international celebrity since his 1953 ascent of Mt Everest, this party would lay depots of food and fuel to support the second part of Fuchs journey, from the South Pole to the Ross Sea. The term autograph is used when the author has signed the item. He had never doubted that the party would get through, but there were times, especially in the earlier phases, when considerable difficulties were met and one wondered how long it was going to take.. [8] Realistically, it was far too late in the season for this schedule to be viable, but this was not yet apparent to Shirase or his supporters. Japan's slow emergence from isolation, following the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868, kept it largely aloof from the growing international interest in polar exploration that escalated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Sparrow flees upriver into the jungle in order to escape the Kraken. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. History of Antarctica. [44][49] On 19 November 1911 Kainan Maru sailed from the harbour, where in contrast to the mood at their arrival, they were seen off by throngs of well-wishers, "cheering and waving their white handkerchiefs and black hats in the air". This was to the chagrin of many scientists in both parties, including the IGY scientific leader Trevor Hatherton, who decried the sites poor conditions for geologic, geomagnetic and seismic research. But as a historian of Antarctic science, I believe the expedition tells us about more than just Kiwi ingenuity and attitude. This would be the first overland crossing of the frozen continent. [1] Dog teams were removed from the ice in February 1994. Watanuki Junko was 41 years old when, after three applications, she was finally selected to join the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (December 2015 to March 2017). Details of conditions and fees may be had from the Archivist. 1958 - West Indies Federation; 1965 - Cooperation Year; 1965 - ITU; 1980 - 80th Aniv. [16] Okuma formed and presided over the Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association,[14] and the public began to contribute, mainly in small amounts from what Shirase described as the "student class". One was from the Queen. Copyright restrictions apply to most material. [1] However, the idea intrigued and became a private passion for an army officer, Lieutenant Nobu Shirase,[2] who, inspired by the tales that reached him of European explorers such as Franklin, nursed a desire to emulate his heroes and explore the Arctic. READ MORE: * Obituary: Vern Gerard, a scientist prepared to put a question mark on Hillary * Replica of Shackleton's boat donated to Akaroa * Go to Antarctica without leaving NZ * Antarctic Heritage Trust tractors cross the finish line for Sir Ed's hut. 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